The Battle of Dogger Bank - World War I

The Battle of Dogger Bank was fought January 24, 1915, during World War I (1914-1918). The opening months of World War I saw the Royal Navy quickly assert its dominance around the world. Taking to the offensive soon after the beginning of hostilities, British forces won the Battle of Heligoland Bight in late August. Elsewhere, a surprise defeat at  Coronel, off the coast of Chile, in early November was quickly avenged a month later at the  Battle of the Falklands.   Seeking to regain the initiative, Admiral Friedrich von Ingenohl, commander of the German High Sea Fleet, approved a raid on the British coast for December 16. Moving forward, this saw Rear Admiral Franz Hipper bombard Scarborough,  Hartlepool, and Whitby, killing 104 civilians and injuring 525. Though the Royal Navy attempted to intercept Hipper as he withdrew, it was unsuccessful. The raid caused widespread public outrage in Britain and led to fears of future attacks. Seeking to build on this success, Hipper began lobbying for another sortie with the goal of striking at the British fishing fleet near Dogger Bank. This was motivated by his belief that fishing vessels were reporting the movements of German warships to the Admiralty allowing the Royal Navy to anticipate the operations of the Kaiserliche Marine. Commencing planning, Hipper intended to move forward with the attack in January 1915. In London, the Admiralty was aware of the of the impending German raid, though this information was received through radio intercepts that were decoded by Naval Intelligences Room 40 rather than reports from fishing vessels. These decryption activities were made possible by using German code books which had been captured earlier by the Russians. Fleets Commanders: British Vice Admiral Sir David Beatty5 battlecruisers, 7 light cruisers, 35 destroyers German Rear Admiral Franz Hipper3 battlecruisers, 1 armored cruiser, 4 light cruisers, 18 destroyers The Fleet Sail Putting to sea, Hipper sailed with the 1st Scouting Group consisting of the battlecruisers SMS Seydlitz (flagship), SMS Moltke, SMS Derfflinger, and the armored cruiser SMS Blà ¼cher. These ships were supported by the four light cruisers of the 2nd Scouting Group and eighteen torpedo boats. Learning that Hipper was at sea on January 23, the Admiralty directed Vice Admiral Sir David Beatty to immediately sail from Rosyth with the 1st and 2nd Battlecruiser Squadrons which were comprised of HMS Lion (flagship), HMS Tiger, HMS Princess Royal, HMS New Zealand, and HMS Indomitable. These capital ships were joined by the four light cruisers of the 1st Light Cruiser Squadron as well as three light cruisers and thirty-five destroyers from the Harwich Force. Battle Joined Steaming south through good weather, Beatty encountered Hippers screening vessels shortly after 7:00 AM on January 24. Approximately half an hour later, the German admiral spotted the smoke from the approaching British ships. Realizing that it was a large enemy force, Hipper turned southeast and attempted to escape back to Wilhelmshaven. This was hampered by the older Blà ¼cher which was not as fast as his more modern battlecruisers. Pressing forward, Beatty was able to see the German battlecruisers at 8:00 AM and began moving into a position to attack. This saw the British ships approach from behind and to the starboard of the Hipper. Beatty chose this line of approach as it allowed the wind to blow funnel and gun smoke clear from his ships, while the German vessels would partially be blinded. Charging forward at speeds of over twenty-five knots, Beattys ships closed the gap with the Germans. At 8:52 AM, Lion opened fire at a range of around 20,000 yards and was soon followed by the other British battlecruisers. As the battle began, Beatty intended for his lead three ships to engage their German counterparts while New Zealand and Indomitable targeted Blà ¼cher. This failed to occur as Captain H.B. Pelly of Tiger instead focused his ships fire on Seydlitz. As a result, Moltke was left uncovered and was able to return fire with impunity. At 9:43 AM, Lion struck Seydlitz causing an ammunition fire in the ships aft turret barbette. This knocked both aft turrets out of action and only the prompt flooding of Seydlitzs magazines saved the ship. An Opportunity Missed Approximately half an hour later, Derfflinger began scoring hits on Lion. These caused flooding and engine damage which slowed the ship. Continuing to take hits, Beattys flagship began to list to port and was effectively put out of action after being struck by fourteen shells. As Lion was being pummeled, Princess Royal scored a critical hit on Blà ¼cher which damaged its boilers and started an ammunition fire. This led to the ship slowing and falling further behind Hippers squadron. Outnumbered and short on ammunition, Hipper elected to abandon Blà ¼cher and increased speed in an effort to escape. Though his battlecruisers were still gaining on the Germans, Beatty ordered a ninety-degree turn to port at 10:54 AM after reports of a submarine periscope. Realizing this turn would allow the enemy to escape, he revised his order to a forty-five-degree turn. As Lions electrical system was damaged, Beatty was forced to relay this revision via signal flags. Desiring his ships to continue after Hipper, he ordered Course NE (for the forty-five-degree turn) and Engage the Enemys Rear to be hoisted. Seeing the signal flags, Beattys second-in-command, Rear Admiral Gordon Moore, misinterpreted the message as Blà ¼cher lay to the northeast. Aboard New Zealand, Moore took Beattys signal to mean that the fleet should focus its efforts against the stricken cruiser. Relaying this incorrect message, Moore broke off the pursuit of Hipper and the British ships attacked Blà ¼cher in earnest. Seeing this, Beatty attempted to correct the situation by hoisting a variation of Vice Admiral Lord Horatio Nelsons famed Engage the Enemy More Closely signal, but Moore and the other British ships were too far away to see the flags. As a result, the assault on Blà ¼cher was pressed home while Hipper successfully slipped away. Though the damaged cruiser managed to disable the destroyer HMS Meteor, it finally succumbed to British fire and was finished off by two torpedoes from the light cruiser HMS Arethusa. Capsizing at 12:13 PM, Blà ¼cher began to sink as British ships closed to rescue survivors. These efforts were broken off when a German seaplane and the Zeppelin L-5 arrived on scene and began dropping small bombs at the British. The Aftermath Unable to catch Hipper, Beatty withdrew back to Britain. As Lion was disabled, it was towed to port by Indomitable. The fighting at Dogger Bank cost Hipper 954 killed, 80 wounded, and 189 captured. In addition, Blà ¼cher was sunk and Seydlitz severely damaged. For Beatty, the engagement saw Lion and Meteor crippled as well as 15 sailors killed and 32 wounded. Hailed as a victory in Britain, Dogger Bank had severe consequences in Germany. Concerned about the potential loss of capital ships, Kaiser Wilhelm II issued orders stating that all risks to surface vessels were to be avoided. Also, von Ingenohl was replaced as commander of the High Seas Fleet by Admiral Hugo von Pohl. Perhaps more importantly, in the wake of the fire on Seydlitz, the Kaiserliche Marine examined how magazines were protected and ammunition handled aboard its warships. Improving both, their ships were better prepared for future battles. Having won the battle, the British failed to address similar issues aboard their battlecruisers, an omission that would have disastrous consequences at the Battle of Jutland the following year.

Essay Book Review - 1045 Words

The book, Honor and the American Dream: Culture and Identity in a Chicano Community, and the film, Salt of the Earth, both relay to their audience, the pursuit of happiness within the Chicano community in which they live. These works aim to show how Mexican-American immigrants fight to keep both their honor and value systems alive in the United States of America, a country which is foreign to their traditions. The Mexican-Americans encountered in these works fight for their culture of honor in order to define themselves in their new homeland, a homeland which honors the American dream of successful capitalism. The author of Honor and the American Dream, Ruth Horowitz, takes us to Chicago’s Chicano community of 32nd Street in the†¦show more content†¦The consequences of racism in the United States can affect and therefore manifest itself differently among various American communities. This essay will look at the similar affects of racism among Mexican-Americans in t wo different social groups. The Chicanos in Earth’s Zinc Town fight against discrimination in order to obtain their civil rights that should be afforded to them by the Constitution. Racism experienced in Salt of the Earth is much more prevalent and more openly expressed than it is in Honor and the American Dream. At work, Ramon and the other Chicano miners are forced to take on the most dangerous jobs while working alone, while white miners were allowed to work in pairs, doing some of the less life-threatening jobs. The Chicanos become indebted to the company through high prices, as the only stores in the town are those owned by the company. Ramon and Esperanza, along with the other community members fight against verbal abuse and discriminatory practices in the working and living conditions they encounter on a daily basis. In the opening scene of Salt of the Earth, at a small shack-like home, Esperanza tells of her sorrow. â€Å"This is our home,† she says. †Å"The house is not ours. But theShow MoreRelatedFor this assignment I read the book reviews Limits of Endurance ‘Defiant,’ by Alvin Townley; He700 Words   |  3 PagesFor this assignment I read the book reviews Limits of Endurance ‘Defiant,’ by Alvin Townley; He Accused ‘An Officer and a Spy,’ by Robert Harris; Breaking In ‘The Burglary,’ by Betty Medsger. For the book review Limits of Endurance ‘Defiant,’ by Alvin Townley the reviewer seem to have thought fondly of this book while writing majority positive things about this novel. 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Cultural communication in France Free Essays

French people have expectations for people they interact with in their country whether foreign or local. They look to people trying to express themselves in French, because they are proud of their culture and their history with all the roles it has played on the world affairs. They have a brief hand shake done when as greetings for when people and also as bye bye when people are leaving. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural communication in France or any similar topic only for you Order Now During discussions people face each other and are close to each other. It is considered rude to chew a gun in public, and to have hands inside the pockets while speaking to people or in public. Political discussions are usually common subjects in discussion which gets interesting since they are heated debates, this is a form of entertainment but people prefer not to talk about how they voted, or are planning to vote. At introductions people prefer to use the first name alone. At work, in schools there lacks the spirit of team work as students are taught on a system which encourages individual goal realization. Their dressing is more formal as compared to Americans, but they are not so conservative and they prefer to express their individuality by their way of dressing at work. Dark colored fabrics with patterns are in preference to light colored ones. In their meetings they spend so much time analyzing and little time on aims and steps to take. Meetings done over meals will only commence towards the end of a meal e. g. at dessert. French people are not so consciously punctual. They are a clear line between official matters and those that are private. Privacy is respected; knock and wait for an answer before you enter into a room. Organizations are based on hierarchy and centralization. How to cite Cultural communication in France, Papers

Popularity vs. Intelligence Essay Example For Students

Popularity vs. Intelligence Essay Intelligence vs. Popularity It might just be, that intelligence, is the way to help you get yourself to where you want to be in life. You shouldn’t be afraid to let your intellectual ability shine. You should embrace it in every way possible. Put yourself out there and definitely do not be afraid to fail. If you were to fail you must get back up and continue to fight for what you believe in, even if people think that it’s stupid. Intelligence, according to Dictionary. om, means the capacity for learning, reasoning, understanding, and similar forms of mental activity; aptitude in grasping truths, relationships, facts, meanings, etc. There are also many other different personal definitions people may have for intelligence. I believe that intelligence is more important than popularity because you can solve your own problems, you will always be able to rely on your intelligence to get you out of tight situations and carry you through life, and also your intelligence could m ost likely help you to gain popularity in the end. We will write a custom essay on Popularity vs. Intelligence specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Is intelligence the key problem solving? I believe that it is indeed the key to solving the most complex to the simplest problems. In Flowers for Algernon, one way that Charlie Gordon shows his ability to solve problems is that he figures out how and why exactly both he and Algernon were and are unable to obtain the high level of intellectual ability they have. He noticed that Algernon’s intelligence was decreasing rapidly and it would continue to decrease over time. Charlie immediately asked for his own lab so he could research why exactly this was happening. He eventually found and that he too would begin a rapid decent in intelligence, but he did entirely what he could while he was smart to help the research for the next time this study was performed. One other example is when Dr. Nemur and Dr. Strauss help to find the way to make Charlie’s intellect increase through science, instead of through normal learning. Charlie was not very smart in the beginning and neither was the mouse they called Algernon. So they gave Algernon the surgery and it temporarily increased his intellect. The same exact surgery that was performed on Algernon, they performed on Charlie which temporarily solved the problem of the less intelligent people in the world. I know that in my life I am faced with many problems. In fact the other day my dad was faced with a problem at my grandparent’s house, while we were finishing their basement. We were going to be unable to put up any more drywall because there was no support were we wanted to place the drywall. So I suggested that we place a temporary support in the middle so we had something to screw the drywall into. My idea worked great and my dad was proud of me for my quick thinking and solving the problem so well. The only way to really get through life is to be fast on your feet, smart, and know how to solve the problem at hand. Using your intelligence to get you out of tight situations and to carry you through life are both good traits to have and be able to apply. Charlie Gordon applies this trait to help himself get out of a tough situation in the movie. He takes the news of his intelligence decline a positive way and uses it to its fullest while he still has it. Charlie then finds out why exactly this is happening and tells Dr. Strauss and Dr. Nemur so they can attempt to fix the flaws that Charlie has found in there equation. Charlie also applies the trait of intelligence to help carry himself through life by making one simple order change in the way the machines at the factory, Charlie works in, are set up. It saves the owner a possible 10,000 dollars with a few simple adjustments. This earns Charlie a raise and helps him to realize that he can continue to apply his intellectual ability to get him through life. .u1fd8394a812667fcbefbcfbb28693fa3 , .u1fd8394a812667fcbefbcfbb28693fa3 .postImageUrl , .u1fd8394a812667fcbefbcfbb28693fa3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1fd8394a812667fcbefbcfbb28693fa3 , .u1fd8394a812667fcbefbcfbb28693fa3:hover , .u1fd8394a812667fcbefbcfbb28693fa3:visited , .u1fd8394a812667fcbefbcfbb28693fa3:active { border:0!important; } .u1fd8394a812667fcbefbcfbb28693fa3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1fd8394a812667fcbefbcfbb28693fa3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1fd8394a812667fcbefbcfbb28693fa3:active , .u1fd8394a812667fcbefbcfbb28693fa3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1fd8394a812667fcbefbcfbb28693fa3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1fd8394a812667fcbefbcfbb28693fa3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1fd8394a812667fcbefbcfbb28693fa3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1fd8394a812667fcbefbcfbb28693fa3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1fd8394a812667fcbefbcfbb28693fa3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1fd8394a812667fcbefbcfbb28693fa3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1fd8394a812667fcbefbcfbb28693fa3 .u1fd8394a812667fcbefbcfbb28693fa3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1fd8394a812667fcbefbcfbb28693fa3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Waterloo EssayI have also used my intelligence to get me out of tight situations that have occurred with me over the past 14 years of my life. An example is when my cousins Alex and were going to get in huge trouble for breaking his friends lacrosse stick because the screw had broken. I ran really fast into the garage and grabbed another small screw that I saw on a shelf and screwed it into the stick and fixed it right before his friend arrived to pick up his stick. It was a very scary situation that could’ve easily ended very badly if it wasn’t for my quick thinking and reaction time. The way to not get in trouble and to get through your life with minimum problems is to rely your intelligence to help you stay out of tight situations or get you out the those situations. Intelligence may just be the ultimate key to gaining the popularity that you would prefer to have. Charlie Gordon is an ordinary guy that becomes smart and gains popularitythrough his intellect. He is the first human to have his brain cells altered to help him to be more intelligent. This helped him to gain popularity by first have an amazing will to get smart. It makes him very popular with the scientists looking to perform the surgery. One other example is after Charlie is smart he goes to the American Psychological Association to first be show to the world. He gains popularity from the press and other scientist with his amazingly increased intellect from before the operation. He answers every question that his throw at him with absolutely no problem at all. An example of someone using their intelligence to gain popularity would be Mark Cuban. Mark is the founder of the computer business called Micro Solutions. Micro Solutions transformed him into a millionaire after he sold the business to CompuServe in the 1990’s. In 1995, Mark and his partner Todd Wagner started working on an idea, that later became known as Broadcast. com. It allowed people to stream live events over the Internet. This ground-breaking pair sold their company in 1999 for billions of dollars to Yahoo. com. Mark shortly after purchased the Dallas Mavericks an NBA basketball franchise. He bought it for a small $285 million dollars on January 14, 2000. Mark is now a well known man throughout the world, but is also not the most well liked man. One person I individually know that has become popular through his intelligence is my Uncle Johnny. He and his friends invented a different type of wireless internet for people to use instead of using a cord. This has made him very popular within the business world. The real way to use your intelligence to become popular is to not be afraid to stand up for yourself and make things happen even when people say that you can’t achieve your goal. In a whole intelligence, I hope, you agree is more important than popularity. You should realize this with my examples from both Flowers for Algernon and my real life examples that intelligence is indeed more important than popularity. The point of view in which I have chosen to look at intelligence definitely persuaded me to believe that intelligence is the better trait to have instead of popularity because intelligence is something that will never go away and you will have as long as you shall live. Therefore, being gifted enough to solve your own problems without help, being able to rely on your intelligence to get you both out of tight situations and help to carry you throughout life, as well as being able to use your intelligence to help you to gain popularity are the three main reasons why I strongly believe that intelligence is way more important than popularity.